70 years of independent cinema with a message

The Locarno film festival first sees the light of day on August 23, 1946 thanks to an initiative by a group of far-sighted fans of the big screen.

Italy's post-war neorealism marks the first phase of the history of the Locarno film festival. In 1948, Roberto Rossellini's Germania Ao Zero (Germany Year Zero) wins the main prize. Vittorio De Sica's Ladri di biciclette (Bicycle thieves) is only awarded a jury prize, causing public discontent and protests.

Italian stars Vittorio De Sicca and Gina Lollobrigida (from left) bring a touch of glamour to the shores of Lake Maggiore after only a few years, making Locarno a precursor of the star-studded Caes film festival.

In the 1940s and 1950s, big posters with the stars of the screen are erected on the square in front of Locarno's railway station.

Marlène Dietrich is at the centre of the Locarno festival in 1960. The Hollywood star of German origin Idea laconically: "As an actress I'm just part of the photo album and that album remains silent."

Following the screening of a series of films by Swedish director Ingmar Bergman in 1959, a regular retrospective section is launched in the 1960s and it soon becomes a feather in the cap of the festival.

Killer's Kiss by a certain Stanley Kubrick wins the special prize of the jury in 1959, although his film was released five years previously.

Locarno defies the Cold War era and puts films from Soviet bloc countries on the bill. This draws sharp criticism from parts of the Swiss-German press which accuse the organisers of being pro-Communist. A young director from Czechoslovakia, Milos Forman, is awarded the top prize in 1964 for best short film, Loves of a Woman. The same director would win international acclaim with One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest more than a decade later.

The Leopard awards are introduced at Locarno in 1968, but the festival is nearly overcome by a political upset and its impact. The festival jury, led by Jiri Menzel from Czechoslovakia, steps down in protest of the invasion of Prague by Soviet troops. The festival organisers act fast and appoint a jury of young film experts.

In 1969 a new generation of Swiss filmmakers make their appearance in Locarno. They include Michel Soutter, Fredi M. Murer, Yves Yersin and Francis Reusser, Claude Chamption and Clemens Klopfenstein. Alain Taer (pictured) wins the Golden Leopard award with Charles mort ou vif (Charles, Dead or Alive) and goes on to make Swiss films known across Europe.

Fredi M. Murer (left) wins the Golden Leopard award in 1985 with Höhenfeuer (Alpine Fire), one of the best Swiss films of the period. It's not until 2006 that another Swiss film finished top in Locarno with Das Fräulein (Fraulein) by Andrea Staka.

1971 marks a turning point for Locarno. The Piazza Grande (Main square) becomes an open-air cinema, giving the festival its distinctive feature.

Amerian director and actor Spike Lee makes his first trip across the Atlantic to Europe to present his film, Joe's Bed-Stuy Barbershp: We Cut Heads, and wins the Golden Leopard award at Locarno in 1983. His acclaimed film becomes a cinema legend of its time.

Rockabilly quiff hairstyle and the look of a rebel: in 1984 an unknown American director, Jim Jarmusch, is awarded the Golden Leopard prize for his film Stranger than Paradise.

Locarno attracts more than 100,000 spectators to the festival in 1989, setting a new record. The Piazza Grande hosts 9,200 people who came to watch Mystery Train by director Jim Jarmusch.

Locarno and Iranian cinema have a special relationship. Some young Iranian filmmakers made their first significant steps at the Swiss festival. Among them is Abbas Kiarostami, who wins a Bronze Leopard award in 1989. His fellow countryman, Jafar Panahi, takes the top award for Ayneh (The mirror) in 1997 - the 50th aiversary edition of the festival.

Marco Müller, festival director for eight years from 1992, would bring his favourite Chinese cinema to Locarno. Two films from China, Baba by Wang Shuo and Little Cheung (picture) by Fruit Chan win a Golden and Silver Leopard respectively in Müller's final year.

At the turn of the century, a record 175,000 spectators flock to Locarno and its open-air screen.

British director Ken Loach has been a regular in Locarno, making four personal appearances between 1981 and 2016. The audience on the Piazza Grande applaud him on stage for a record 18 minutes after receiving the Leopard of Honour award in 2003.

It is in 2005 when German director Wim Wenders stands on the Piazza Grande stage, holding the microphone and saying in Italian: "Everybody asks me what it's like to get a Honorary Leopard award. Well, now I know: I've turned into leopard myself".

Locarno has always given plenty of space to European cinema. German director Florian Henckel von Doersmarck's Das Leben der Anderen (The Lives of the Others) captivated the audience on the Piazza Grande in 2006. The film would win an Oscar for best foreign language film in Hollywood the following year. The picture shows actor Friedrich Mühe (1979-2007), who played a Stasi agent.

Many stars of the big screen came to Ticino in the 1940s and 1950s, but nowadays Locarno is up against stiff competition from other, no doubt more glamorous, festivals. Nevertheless big names still find their way to the festival on Lake Maggiore, like French actress Juliette Binoche in 2014.

One eye looking back to the past and keeping the other turned toward the future - this is the motto of this year's film festival, its 70th edition. In this spirit, Locarno presents for competition La Telenovela Errante, by Raoul Ruiz. The Chilean filmmaker first came to the Swiss festival in 1968. His film was believed to be lost until a copy was later found and restored. It is one of the highlights of this year and underlines the long and special relationship between Locarno and cinema from Latin America.