70 years of independent cinema with a message

The Locao film festival first sees the light of day on August 23, 1946 thanks to an initiative by a group of far-sighted fans of the big screen.

Italy's post-war neorealism marks the first phase of the history of the Locao film festival. In 1948, Roberto Rossellini's Germania Anno Zero (Germany Year Zero) wins the main prize. Vittorio De Sica's Ladri di biciclette (Bicycle thieves) is only awarded a jury prize, causing public discontent and protests.

Italian stars Vittorio De Sicca and Gina Lollobrigida (from left) bring a touch of glamour to the shores of Lake Maggiore after only a few years, making Locao a precursor of the star-studded Cannes film festival.

In the 1940s and 1950s, big posters with the stars of the screen are erected on the square in front of Locao's railway station.

Marlène Dietrich is at the centre of the Locao festival in 1960. The Hollywood star of German origin Idea laconically: "As an actress I'm just part of the photo album and that album remains silent."

Following the screening of a series of films by Swedish director Ingmar Bergman in 1959, a regular retrospective section is launched in the 1960s and it soon becomes a feather in the cap of the festival.

Killer's Kiss by a certain Stanley Kubrick wins the special prize of the jury in 1959, although his film was released five years previously.

Locao defies the Cold War era and puts films from Soviet bloc countries on the bill. This draws sharp criticism from parts of the Swiss-German press which accuse the organisers of being pro-Communist. A young director from Czechoslovakia, Milos Forman, is awarded the top prize in 1964 for best short film, Loves of a Woman. The same director would win inteational acclaim with One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest more than a decade later.

The Leopard awards are introduced at Locao in 1968, but the festival is nearly overcome by a political upset and its impact. The festival jury, led by Jiri Menzel from Czechoslovakia, steps down in protest of the invasion of Prague by Soviet troops. The festival organisers act fast and appoint a jury of young film experts.

In 1969 a new generation of Swiss filmmakers make their appearance in Locao. They include Michel Soutter, Fredi M. Murer, Yves Yersin and Francis Reusser, Claude Chamption and Clemens Klopfenstein. Alain Tanner (pictured) wins the Golden Leopard award with Charles mort ou vif (Charles, Dead or Alive) and goes on to make Swiss films known across Europe.

Fredi M. Murer (left) wins the Golden Leopard award in 1985 with Höhenfeuer (Alpine Fire), one of the best Swiss films of the period. It's not until 2006 that another Swiss film finished top in Locao with Das Fräulein (Fraulein) by Andrea Staka.

1971 marks a tuing point for Locao. The Piazza Grande (Main square) becomes an open-air cinema, giving the festival its distinctive feature.

Amerian director and actor Spike Lee makes his first trip across the Atlantic to Europe to present his film, Joe's Bed-Stuy Barbershp: We Cut Heads, and wins the Golden Leopard award at Locao in 1983. His acclaimed film becomes a cinema legend of its time.

Rockabilly quiff hairstyle and the look of a rebel: in 1984 an unknown American director, Jim Jarmusch, is awarded the Golden Leopard prize for his film Stranger than Paradise.

Locao attracts more than 100,000 spectators to the festival in 1989, setting a new record. The Piazza Grande hosts 9,200 people who came to watch Mystery Train by director Jim Jarmusch.

Locao and Iranian cinema have a special relationship. Some young Iranian filmmakers made their first significant steps at the Swiss festival. Among them is Abbas Kiarostami, who wins a Bronze Leopard award in 1989. His fellow countryman, Jafar Panahi, takes the top award for Ayneh (The mirror) in 1997 - the 50th anniversary edition of the festival.

Marco Müller, festival director for eight years from 1992, would bring his favourite Chinese cinema to Locao. Two films from China, Baba by Wang Shuo and Little Cheung (picture) by Fruit Chan win a Golden and Silver Leopard respectively in Müller's final year.

At the tu of the century, a record 175,000 spectators flock to Locao and its open-air screen.

British director Ken Loach has been a regular in Locao, making four personal appearances between 1981 and 2016. The audience on the Piazza Grande applaud him on stage for a record 18 minutes after receiving the Leopard of Honour award in 2003.

It is in 2005 when German director Wim Wenders stands on the Piazza Grande stage, holding the microphone and saying in Italian: "Everybody asks me what it's like to get a Honorary Leopard award. Well, now I know: I've tued into leopard myself".

Locao has always given plenty of space to European cinema. German director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's Das Leben der Anderen (The Lives of the Others) captivated the audience on the Piazza Grande in 2006. The film would win an Oscar for best foreign language film in Hollywood the following year. The picture shows actor Friedrich Mühe (1979-2007), who played a Stasi agent.

Many stars of the big screen came to Ticino in the 1940s and 1950s, but nowadays Locao is up against stiff competition from other, no doubt more glamorous, festivals. Nevertheless big names still find their way to the festival on Lake Maggiore, like French actress Juliette Binoche in 2014.

One eye looking back to the past and keeping the other tued toward the future - this is the motto of this year's film festival, its 70th edition. In this spirit, Locao presents for competition La Telenovela Errante, by Raoul Ruiz. The Chilean filmmaker first came to the Swiss festival in 1968. His film was believed to be lost until a copy was later found and restored. It is one of the highlights of this year and underlines the long and special relationship between Locao and cinema from Latin America.